Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

What are the potential complications of untreated atrial flutter?

1. Systemic hypertension

2. Stroke

3. Pulmonary hypertension

4. Heart block

The correct answer is: Stroke

Untreated atrial flutter can lead to significant complications, with stroke being the most critical among them. This arrhythmia can cause the atria to contract in a rapid, uncoordinated manner, which may lead to the formation of thrombi (blood clots) in the atria, particularly in the left atrial appendage. If a thrombus dislodges, it can travel to the brain, resulting in an ischemic stroke. Additionally, atrial flutter often leads to a rapid ventricular response, which can result in hemodynamic instability and exacerbation of heart failure symptoms. While other potential complications could include the risk of heart block under certain conditions or pressure changes in the pulmonary and systemic circulation, the highest risk from untreated atrial flutter, particularly in patients with additional risk factors, is the increased likelihood of stroke due to the arrhythmia's impact on blood flow dynamics and thrombus formation. This is why stroke is highlighted as a primary concern in the context of untreated atrial flutter.