Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by an increased risk of pulmonary embolism?

1. Atrial fibrillation

2. Asthma

3. Chronic bronchitis

4. Emphysema

The correct answer is: Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism due to the potential for thrombus formation in the heart. In atrial fibrillation, the irregular and often rapid heartbeat can lead to ineffective blood flow, particularly in the left atrium. The chaotic electrical activity can result in stagnant blood, which promotes the formation of clots. If these clots dislodge, they can travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Recognizing this connection is crucial in managing patients with atrial fibrillation to mitigate the risk of complications such as pulmonary embolism. In contrast, conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema primarily affect the airways and lung tissue without the same propensity for thrombus formation leading to embolism. Asthma involves bronchoconstriction and inflammation, chronic bronchitis is characterized by mucus production and airway obstruction, and emphysema is marked by the destruction of alveolar walls, which affects gas exchange but does not significantly increase the risk of clot-related events in the pulmonary circulation.