Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

1. Coronary artery spasm

2. Coronary artery disease

3. Myocardial hypertrophy

4. Arrhythmias

The correct answer is: Coronary artery disease

The most common cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is coronary artery disease (CAD). This condition typically results from the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis. The plaque can rupture and lead to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot), which can significantly reduce or completely obstruct blood flow to the heart muscle. This lack of blood flow can cause ischemia, leading to the symptoms and complications associated with ACS, including unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Other factors, while related, do not represent the primary cause of ACS. For example, coronary artery spasm can lead to ACS but is less common compared to the more prevalent issue of coronary artery disease. Myocardial hypertrophy is typically a consequence of chronic conditions that increase cardiac workload, such as hypertension, and is not a direct cause of ACS. Arrhythmias may occur as a complication of ACS but are not fundamental causes. Understanding the primary role of coronary artery disease in the pathogenesis of ACS is crucial for effective diagnosis and management in clinical practice.