Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

Which condition is indicated by an elevated white blood cell count typically associated with allergy?

1. Leukocytosis

2. Lymphocytosis

3. Eosinophilia

4. Neutrophilia

The correct answer is: Eosinophilia

The condition associated with an elevated white blood cell count specifically linked to allergies is characterized by an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. Eosinophils are particularly involved in the body's response to allergens and parasitic infections. When the immune system detects an allergen, it triggers the activation and proliferation of eosinophils, leading to eosinophilia. This increase is a hallmark of allergic reactions, such as asthma, hay fever, and certain skin conditions. Leukocytosis refers to a general increase in white blood cells and does not specify which type is elevated; it can result from a variety of causes, including infections, inflammation, and stress. Lymphocytosis involves an increase in lymphocytes and may be seen in viral infections or some chronic inflammatory processes rather than allergic reactions specifically. Neutrophilia, which signifies an increase in neutrophils, is usually associated with bacterial infections or acute inflammation. Thus, the specificity of eosinophilia to allergies makes it the correct answer regarding elevated white blood cell counts in allergic conditions.