Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

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Which of the following ABG results indicates hypercapnia? pH: 7.30; PaCO2: 55 mm Hg; HCO3: 24 mEq/L

Acidosis
Alkalosis
Normocapnia
Hypercapnia

The correct answer is: Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia refers to an elevated level of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood. In the case presented, the arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a PaCO2 value of 55 mm Hg, which is above the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg. The increase in PaCO2 indicates that there is an excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, confirming hypercapnia. Additionally, the pH measurement of 7.30 indicates acidosis since it falls below the normal range of 7.35-7.45. However, the important aspect for identifying hypercapnia is the elevated PaCO2. The bicarbonate (HCO3) level of 24 mEq/L appears to be within the normal range, which suggests that there is no significant metabolic compensation occurring at this time. Hypercapnia often results from conditions affecting ventilation, leading to decreased carbon dioxide elimination. This can occur in various respiratory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe asthma exacerbations, among other conditions. Thus, the elevated PaCO2 level directly correlates with the identification of hypercapnia in the provided ABG results.