Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

Which of the following dysrhythmias represents a dissociation of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart?

1. Asystole

2. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

3. Bradycardia

4. AV block

The correct answer is: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

The correct answer is pulseless electrical activity (PEA), which represents a situation where there are organized electrical impulses in the heart evident on an ECG, yet there is no effective mechanical contraction leading to a palpable pulse or adequate circulation. In PEA, the heart is electrically active but can’t produce a corresponding pulse due to factors such as severe hypovolemia, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax. This dissociation between electrical activity and mechanical contraction is critical in understanding PEA's clinical implications. It reveals that simply having electrical activity is not sufficient for effective heart function, as there may be underlying issues preventing the heart from effectively pumping blood. In contrast, asystole indicates a complete absence of electrical activity in the heart, meaning that there is neither mechanical nor electrical function. Bradycardia, while it refers to a slowed heart rate, still involves coordinated electrical activity that can result in mechanical contraction. AV block, or atrioventricular block, involves a disruption in the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles but does not imply a dissociation where electrical activity exists without corresponding mechanical function. Understanding PEA is crucial because it alters treatment approaches, which may involve identifying and correcting reversible causes to restore effective cardiac function