Advanced Patient Assessment Practice Exam

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

1. Basophil

2. Lymphocyte

3. Monocyte

4. Neutrophil

The correct answer is: Neutrophil

Neutrophils are the type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections. They are the first responders to sites of infection and are key components of the innate immune system. When bacteria invade the body, neutrophils rapidly migrate to the affected area, where they engulf and destroy bacteria through a process known as phagocytosis. They are characterized by their multi-lobed nuclei and granules in their cytoplasm, which contain enzymes and antimicrobial substances that help to neutralize and break down pathogens. In contrast, basophils are involved in allergic reactions and inflammation and help to release histamine, which is not directly linked to fighting bacterial infections. Lymphocytes, which include T cells and B cells, are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response, targeting specific pathogens and involved in long-term immunity, but are not the primary responders to acute bacterial infections. Monocytes, while they can differentiate into macrophages and assist in phagocytosis, are not as rapidly mobilized as neutrophils during the initial response to bacterial invasions. Thus, neutrophils are specifically adapted for the immediate response necessary in fighting bacterial infections.